Non-animal models of epithelial barriers (skin, intestine and lung) in research, industrial applications and regulatory toxicology

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Sarah Gordon
Mardas Daneshian
Joke Bouwstra
Francesca Caloni
Samuel Constant
Donna E. Davies
Gudrun Dandekar
Carlos A. Guzman
Eric Fabian
Eleonore Haltner
Thomas Hartung
Nina Hasiwa
Patrick Hayden
Helena Kandarova
Sangeeta Khare
Harald F. Krug
Carsten Kneuer
Marcel Leist
Guoping Lian
Uwe Marx
Marco Metzger
Katharina Ott
Pilar Prieto
Michael S. Roberts
Erwin Roggen
Tewes Tralau
Claudia van den Braak
Heike Walles
Claus-Michael Lehr

Abstract

Models of the outer epithelia of the human body – namely the skin, the intestine and the lung – have found valid applications in both research and industrial settings as attractive alternatives to animal testing. A variety of approaches to model these barriers are currently employed in such fields, ranging from the utilization of ex vivo tissue to reconstructed in vitro models, and further to chip-based technologies, synthetic membrane systems and, of increasing current interest, in silico modeling approaches. An international group of experts in the field of epithelial barriers was convened from academia, industry and regulatory bodies to present both the current state of the art of non-animal models of the skin, intestinal and pulmonary barriers in their various fields of application, and to discuss research-based, industry-driven and regulatory-relevant future directions for both the development of new models and the refinement of existing test methods. Issues of model relevance and preference, validation and standardization, acceptance, and the need for simplicity versus complexity were focal themes of the discussions. The outcomes of workshop presentations and discussions, in relation to both current status and future directions in the utilization and development of epithelial barrier models, are presented by the attending experts in the current report.

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How to Cite
Gordon, S., Daneshian, M., Bouwstra, J., Caloni, F., Constant, S., Davies, D. E., Dandekar, G., Guzman, C. A., Fabian, E., Haltner, E., Hartung, T., Hasiwa, N., Hayden, P., Kandarova, H., Khare, S., Krug, H. F., Kneuer, C., Leist, M., Lian, G., Marx, U., Metzger, M., Ott, K., Prieto, P., Roberts, M. S., Roggen, E., Tralau, T., van den Braak, C., Walles, H. and Lehr, C.-M. (2015) “Non-animal models of epithelial barriers (skin, intestine and lung) in research, industrial applications and regulatory toxicology”, ALTEX - Alternatives to animal experimentation, 32(4), pp. 327–378. doi: 10.14573/altex.1510051.
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